Thursday, December 19, 2024

A 22 1/2 foot Cruising sailboat design

There are many excellent programs available now to help you design your own boat. It's much easier than when I first looked into doing this nearly 30 years ago. The main tool I have used is FreeShip plus. This is a boat design tool that is totally free and open source. It is powerful but unfortunately a bit buggy and crashes regularly (so save often!). However it allows you to design a multi chine plywood hull and generate plots of the plywood panel shapes that you can use to build the boat. This last feature is invaluable if you are working in plywood and want to make a hull where you can fiberglass tape/epoxy the whole thing together using the stitch and glue technique.

Here are some initial plans for my boat:


Lines plan of the proposed boat

The first picture shows the boat from the side, back, front, and overhead. Not shown is the centerboard and skeg below the waterline. The design is similar to a stretched simplified Welsford Penguin.

Side view showing windows and other interior details


One of the really useful features of modern boat design CAD software is the ability to view a 3D visualization from any angle. I made a short video of rotating one view of the proposed design.

It will be a while before I begin construction of this but I have printed out templates for the plywood sheets that make the outside of the hull and the interior supporting bulkheads at 1:12 scale (1 inch - 1 foot) to test out if it looks OK in 'real life'. I tried to assemble these using cereal boxes and light bristol board with limited success but I did confirm that the boat will likely come together from the dimensions that the CAD software produces.

One of the really fun things about the design process is learning stuff that you would not normally be aware as a sailor or even a boat builder. For example how does one determine how stable your design is. Where should one should locate the mast to help avoid excessive weather helm, and what shape and size a centerboard should be. I have learned that most boat designers when creating a design begin with a proven similar design rather than completely starting from scratch. One piece of advice I see on boat design forums is to have a look at what has worked before and start there. Good advice!

Some possible designs for the small trailerable coastal cruiser

In my last post I listed the requirements for a small trailerable coast cruiser that I would like to build. It was a fascinating experience examining the dozens of possible designs and learning about small cruisers and the people who build and sail them. One general term for such boats used to be 'pocket cruiser', but more recently there seems to be a consensus that divides smaller boats into Micro cruisers, less than 18 feet and mini cruisers that are usually under 6.5 meters (just over 21 feet). Meeting all my requirements in a micro cruiser is probably unrealistic, so I focused on Mini cruisers and slightly larger designs. The following are a few that would probably work.

 Redmond Elver

This is a canoe yawl - a type of cruising boat popularized in the Victorian era as a way for adventurous sailors to get out on the water on a limited budget. Some amazing voyages were made in canoe yawls including those described in The Voyage Alone in the Yawl Rob Roy

 

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Steve Redmond's Elver

Elver is 20 feet long and weighs under 1000 lbs empty. She is however a bit small inside to satisfy the requirements for easy sitting headroom and a separate berth for a guest. She has no ballast either, which makes her more susceptible to remaining upside down and ending up that way in a knockdown.

Halloween. Elver Canoe Yawl
An Australian Elver

A major step up from Elver is Oughtread's Eun Mara. A lovely little lapstrake sailboat, she would meet all the requirements except for ease of building and having 2 separate sleeping areas.


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Ian Oughtred's Eun Mara

TAKATANI charges along Loch Ness
Takatani - a wonderful example of this design

I found a build blog for this boat and the estimated hours and elapsed years put me off building her.

The runner up for my favorite design is by South African Dudey Dix, specifically his Cape Henry 21, which is constructed in plywood laps but is less complex than Eun Mara.


Cape Henry 21 plywood trailer sailer
Cape Henry 21

The Cape Henry 21 is an extended version of a popular 19 foot fiberglass design by the same designer. She has a sensible layout, a lovely appearance and good performance. The main issue I have with her is her very low freeboard and headroom in the cabin as you can see in the following plan snapshots.

 

Cape Henry 21 GRP trailer sailer
Cape Henry 21 Plan view and side view


The boat design I most like is by a New Zealander names John Welsford. I first heard of him this summer during a cruise to Jedediah Island where I met up with a few other sailors. One of these sailors was sailing a diminutive but seaworthy little 11 footer called a Scamp. This is Welsford's most famous design and it impressed me in how well thought out it was both in terms of easy construction and also seaworthiness. It also sails amazingly well for such a short tubby boat and could go to windward in 30 knots according to its owner.

The Welsford design I chose is his Penguin, a 21 foot trailerable plywood lapstrake design. She is the largest boat I looked at in terms of interior room and while the construction is not simple, it seems to be very well thought out. She ticks most of the boxes.

Penguin's gaff rig sail plan

Clearly she is trailerable


I ordered Penguin's study plans and mentally went through what it would take to build her. However as I am afraid many people do, I began to see a few things I would like to change in her. I didn't like the slightly short cockpit and the very high cabin sides. I wished she was a little longer to take advantage of 3 full eight foot sheets of plywood. I also wished she was a little simpler to construct - maybe just 3 chines rather than 5 planks and maybe stitch and glue construction rather than lapstrake ply. You can see where this is going? I decided to design a boat sort of similar to Penguin, borrowing many ideas from her including her excellent layout and overall concept but changing the construction method, and modifying her shape, lengthening her and putting on the higher aspect 2 foresail rig that the Cape Henry has. I will talk more about this in the next post...



Considering building a small cruising sailboat

 

I have been feeling a hankering to build a small coastal cruising sailboat. Various previous attempts to build something - a gypsy wagon, garden room, and house have fizzled out for one reason or another. Given the permitting and general hassle of construction around here, I am back to looking at building something mobile. 

 

Chebacco News 41 | Chebacco.com
Chebaaco 20 I helped build about 30 years ago

It makes absolutely no sense financially to build a small sailboat when the bays and marinas of our coast are full of such boats that can be had for between free and $5000.  I figure it will cost around $20,000 just in materials and equipment to build a 22 foot boat and probably take me about 2000 hours. So obviously I had better enjoy the creative process since I will not be getting paid for a minute of the work involved!


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Sonic 23

Here are the requirements I have set for the project:

  1. Attractive - If I am going to create something it had better look good (at least to me) when I row out to it on it's mooring. I prefer classic boats with a nice sweep to the sheer line.
  2. A decent sailer upwind and down - don't need a race boat but it should have respectable performance to windward
  3. Buildable in under 2000 hours over 3 years - So it should not be too large or complex
  4. Trailerable behind a 6 cylinder van (<3500 lbs including trailer) - Again this limits the maximum sane size or at least the displacement. This also means it will need to have shoal draft and make use of a centerboard or lifting keel to achieve decent upwind performance. Being trailerable will allow me to take the boat out in the winter here rather than risk leaving it on a mooring in inclement weather. It will also save on yard bills and reduce maintenance by keeping her under cover in the winter.
  5. Capable of cruising locally and with care as far as Alaska and around Vancouver Island. I won't be crossing oceans, but I do want to explore the local coast and parts of it can be quite a challenge. I also don't want to camp out, having been spoiled by cruising on bigger boats. The boat will need to be self righting in the event of a knockdown - say to 120 degrees.
  6. 2+ berths in 2 separate cabins - I sometimes cruise with a friend and it is nice to have some privacy. It will mostly be me and Rani on board with friends for day sailing,
  7. A functional galley - I want to be able to cook under cover
  8. Interior heads (toilet) - Having been caught in the cockpit once I need a private space down below
  9. Full sitting head room in the main salon and v-berth area for my 6' plus friend. It would be lovely to have standing headroom, but making such a boat that is either easily trailerable or half decent looking would be well nigh impossible.
  10. Easily maintained - not too much annual maintenance and a minimum of brightwork.
The original Trekka under sail

I have owned and/or cruised on a number of boats between 20 and 24 feet that satisfy many of these requirements, but all the more capable ones have been keel boats that were not (easily) trailerable. The Chebacco 20 I shared with my friend Fraser was easily trailerable but falls down on being capable of sailing it safely on exposed shores as well as being a camp cruiser with no heads or galley. The Sonic 23 I sailed on my first big cruise was owned by my friend Dave Besonette. It was a perfect boat in most ways other than being a fixed keel boat and took us in safety around much of Nova Scotia. I later owned an Abbott 22, a Laurent Giles Trekka class, a C&C 24, and most recently, A Farr 727. All these boats are around 21-24 feet long and weigh in the vicinity of 1.5 to 2 tons. None of them are easily trailerable but they are all capable of great adventures.

In my next post I will look at some of the designs that could meet the above requirements.

Saturday, August 17, 2024

Cruising to Discovery Islands Part 2

... Continued from Part 1

From Tekearne Arm, we motored and sailed to Hole In The Wall - a tidal passage that provides access to Okissolo and the Octopus Islands. Currents can run fast in here at over 10 knots, so for a small vessel like ours, we plan to run through close to slack tide, which only lasts for 5 minutes. We timed things based on the government current tables and had no issues. Instead of heading to Octopus Islands as we had a few times before, we turned north and passed through the upper Okissolo tidal rapids and into Owen Bay on Sonora island. In the distance, four orcas accompanied us through the rapids, heading north like us on the flooding tide.

We anchored off the government dock in Owen Bay in the company of two small cruising boats - an Albin motor cruiser and a Vancouver 27 sailboat. I enjoy sharing anchorages with other smaller boats because I find we often have more in common than with the larger motor cruisers plus they rarely carry generators. There are a couple of roads accessible from the dock, but they only run for a kilometer or two providing access to a dozen homes. At the end of one of the roads is a trail down to an overview of Hole in The Wall rapids, which we walked down in order to see how they look when the tide is running hard.

The overlook at Hole in the Wall

Looking out toward the Octopus Islands

Tranquil Owen Bay


The dock at Owen Bay

Morning at Owen Bay 'oil painting'

The next day we made an attempt to reach a large lake that lies just a mile inland from Owen Bay. There is no public trail, so we kayaked to some mudflats beside a stream where there had clearly been a large first nations village. The stream flowing from the lake was overgrown with thorny bushes and the forested cliffs were littered with deadfalls. We gave up after half an hour of sweaty bushwhacking. Apparently there is a private trail behind the cottages at the head of the bay but no public access to this trail.

Our next leg took us through the Lower Okissolo rapids and around the coast of Sonora island to the Thurston Bay provincial marine park. This is near the entrance to Johnstone Strait and is as far north as we intended to go on this trip.

Motoring into Thurston Bay

Thurston Bay Marine Park has several anchoring choices including the attractively named Cameleon Harbour - named for a 19th centry surveying vessel, a lagoon, and Thurston Bay itself in the north. We anchored in the north portion near Block Island, thinking this would give access to a lake for swimming. Once again we were thwarted by dense foliage and hundreds of windfalls. The cruising guides mention a trail but if there was one, it has long disappeared into the rain forest.

Quiet morning in Thurston Bay

Peaceful Thurston Bay anchorage
Rani enjoys the sunset, grateful that the forecast strong NW winds did not visit us

Late afternoon paddle

From Thurston Bay, we retraced our steps , returning to Quadra Island. I have not cruised much on the west side of Quadra, except to stop in Campbell River and Gowlland Harbour at the south end, so it was nice to see a new anchorage amongst the Chained Islands at the mouth of Kanish Bay. This area looked very promising for kayak exploration and we were not disappointed.

Sea urchins carpeted these rocks near our anchorage


Urchins and anemones

The Chained Islands have few coves or beaches so are best suited for day trips. Lots of kelp beds lie between and around the isalnds

Marine Link transportation and adventure tours barge passes through a narrow pass in the Chained Islands

Rani explores a kelp bed. There was a UVic research buoy nearby - not sure what they were studying here.
Rani found this fragment of pottery that is likely a dinner plate on the beach off a large midden that must have been at least 8 feet thick and over 100 feet long
 
After I posted this blog on Facebook, our friend Dave Rife shed some light on the piece of pottery found on the beach off the midden:

The pic of a piece of junk on an old midden is probably part of a shipping container from Maclennan, McFeely and Prior who were a Hardware and Supply company located in Vancouver and Victoria in the early part of the 1900's. They were commonly known as "Mac and Mac". 
 
And a Google turned up this article.
 
From the Chained Islands, it was less than two hours to sail to Small Inlet. This is mostly within protected park land and is a very scenic and quiet alternative to the Octopus Islands on the other side of Quadra. You can access the same hiking trails from there including a lovely walk up to Newton Lake. We hiked up to the lake after lunch and had a refreshing swim in its crystal clear waters. There were a few other groups of cruisers enjoying the lake but it was a delightfully quiet place anyway. 
 
Nice cooling off place on the trail to Granite Bay

The next day we hiked over to Granite Bay and were able to get a cell signal. We had been without this for several days and it was a relief to check our messages and send emails and texts to my parents and Rani's friends and relatives. We also downloaded the current tables for Seymour Narrows before returning via the lake for another dip.
 
Newton Lake around suppertime. Rani is all clean and shiny after a lovely swim with only a couple of loons sharing the lake with us.
 
With some trepidation, we prepared to sail south through Seymour Narrows the next morning. This tidal rapid is even more dangerous than Hole in the Wall, if tackled at the wrong time. We needed to hit the narrows near slack but then wanted a flooding current to carry us further south down to April Point cove. This meant we had to leave earlier and fight an ebbing current for an hour or so. In Rani's words from her journal:

I was anxious about going through Seymour Narrows but we had the current data and Chris calculated the time to reach it for slack or close to slack. We stayed in the counter-current at the edge while the main flow was ebbing north and saved a lot of diesel. The narrows only had about 1/2 a knot of current against us at the north end and slack about midway. A couple of tugs were fighting the current trying to take a log boom down and another tug pulled a barge full of logs in mid-channel. We overtook the log boom quite quickly as it was a large one with logs piled up high, one tug pulling and a second one working very hard with great belches of diesel to keep the boom under control from the rear. It was a relief to get out of the narrows and to use the favourable current to continue to April Point.

Log barge approaching Seymour Narrows

A cruise ship passes behind us as we head in towards April Point
 
We anchored between a small marina and April Point resort. We had been texting with our sailor friend Ernie since the morning and it turned out he was anchored just one cove to the north. We had not seen him since our Covid-era 2020 trip on Swamp Angel, so it was great to catch up with him and swap stories in the cockpit.
 
Our sailing buddy from the 2008 trip to Mexico dropped by for a visit. He is based in nearby Campbell River and was en route on his own boat up to the Redondas
 
The nearest grocery store is in Quathiaski Cove to the south, so we knew we would have to walk a fair way into town to do our shopping the next day. We were pretty desperate for fresh food and ice by now, having been out for about 2 weeks. Like so many bays on this coast, April Point cove dries out into mud flats near its head, so getting ashore proved a bit difficult near low tide. We paddled the kayaks past the marina to a spot on the shore on the edge of the mud flats but I still lost my flip flops a couple of times while trying to carry the boats over the sucking mud and then over barnacle and oyster encrusted rocks. There was no obvious public access here, so we had to bushwhack through the woods and across a newly excavated driveway to get to the road.

Just as we emerged from the bushes with our shopping bags and a soft sided cooler, a car stopped and the driver asked us if we needed a lift into town. Neil and Helen McCubbin recognized us as boaters in need of help. It turned out that they were sailors who have crossed the Atlantic and Pacific in their 47 foot aluminum sailboat. They lived nearby and were running into town to do some errands. We quickly ran through our shopping list at the local grocery and our kind hosts drove us back to our kayaks and invited us to join them on a hike the next day. 
 
Neil and Helen live right on Unkak cove at the north end of Quathiaski Cove. They told us that there was a pretty good anchorage south of Unkak cove, so the next morning we motored over and anchored off Grouse Island within sight of their house. The anchorage is fairly well protected but you do get currents swirling around you, which can put you closer than you expect to other boats anchored nearby. It reminded me a bit of what happens in La Paz Mexico in the Mogote anchorage where the cruisers refer to this as the La Paz waltz! We kayaked ashore and drove with Neil to a trailhead to join member of the Quadra Island Outdoor Club to hike the Thompson trail. Later, we had supper with Neil and Helen and enjoyed the fantastic views from their lovely home, which sits out on a point.
 
Members of the Quadra Island Outdoor Club who kindly allowed us to join them on a hike to this viewpoint that looks out toward Campbell River. Our host, Neil is on the top left


There are some impressive trees on Quadra Island
 
We had some appointments scheduled for the next week, so we decided to make tracks south. We sailed one long day that took us almost as far as Pender Harbour on the Sunshine coast. We anchored a few miles north in a Quarry Bay. The anchorage here is iffy, with several rocks charted in the wrong place on our e-charts, but fortunately these were marked by locals. Lots of newly built cottages line the shores here. 
 
Breakfast with fresh salal and huckleberries added to our daily granola/muesli mix

We crossed the Strait of Georgia the next day, avoiding the torpedo testing area of Whiskey Golf, which was active that day. This required us to make a large zig zag towards Nanoose and then run parallel to the coast inside the firing range area. We heard a few boats being called on the VHF and asked to avoid the firing area. Two did not reply and a helicopter had to be dispatched to warn them off. Part of a transmission from the military controller on Winchelsea island went like this: "Sir, if you were to be hit by a torpedo, your boat insurance would not cover you because you are in a defined military exercise area."
 
Thinking to avoid the crowds off Newcastle Island in Nanaimo we anchored at the north of the island near a buoyed ship wreck. This proved to be a thoroughly stupid idea because the bottom was foul with numerous cables and metal objects from what must have once been the site of a quarry and dock. I had to dive the next morning to free up anchor chain that was wrapped around a large metal object as well as to remove a length of yellow polyprop rope from the anchor itself. Fortunately the water was 70 degrees and only 25 feet deep. We stopped the next day at the cottage and had enough time to to catch up with friends at the Sunday coffee morning before motoring home to Maple Bay.
 
In all we were out for three full weeks. Getting back into the home routine has been a bit difficult as one gets quite used to a having a new adventure each day...




Friday, August 16, 2024

Cruising to the Discovery Islands Part 1

This year's main cruise took us up north of Quadra island as far as Sonora island and the entrance to Johnstone Strait. We sailed on Puffin, our newly christened Ontario 28 sailboat. We were away for three weeks and had some lovely hikes, a mix of crowded and quiet anchorages, lots of kayaking, a few good sails, and most importantly, no major mishaps. 

We met some interesting cruisers en route, including Nick and Jenny Coghlan whom we bumped into on a hike to see Hole in the Wall. They sailed their Vancouver 27 from South Africa to here via Patagonia (see this link for information about them and the book they wrote about this). A week later, Neil and Helen stopped their car and gave us a ride into Quathiaski on Quadra island to pick up groceries, drove us home, invited us on a hike, and even had us by for a lovely supper the next night. They are serious long distance cruisers and their 47 foot aluminum boat is currently hauled out in Hiva Oa in the Marquesas islands (see this link for a great story they wrote about a trip to Spitzbergen).

A Vancouver 27 makes its way north off the Ballenas islands near Nanaimo

Our first stop after leaving our home port of Maple Bay was Nanaimo. It is full-on cruising season here and the main anchorage at Newcastle Island was even more crazy than usual. This is a large anchorage but is filled with mooring balls that are rented out by the park as well as private moorings used by an interesting assortment of live-aboard sail and power boats. We ended up swinging too close to one large power boat when the tide changed and upped anchor after supper, moving to an empty but more noisy and turbulent anchorage near the Departure Bay ferry to Vancouver. 

The approximate route we took

The next day we sailed north to Codfish Bay on Jedediah Island. I have written about this island before and it is one of my favorite cruising destinations due to its lovely hiking trails, old trees, and feral sheep. Rani and I had a full afternoon of hiking and explored most of the island's major trails even getting to the top of Gibraltar Hill - the highest point on the island.

There were a couple of boats anchored in Home Bay, one anchorage over from Codfish. That is Texada island in the background.

Sheep skull and vertebrae. Not sure how they made it up into the tree. The island has a population of feral sheep and goats
My friend Ian Costanzo painted this still-life based on a goat skull we found on Jedediah a month before this trip

View from Gibraltar Hill down into our anchorage. Puffin is just visible at the edge of the trees.

Some scrambling required

This gorgeous old growth Douglas fir grows under an enormous protective rock in a hidden valley

One can make a loop out of a few trails by following a very rough path near the north end of the island. Lasqueti island is in the distance.
There is a large field attached to the old farm. This is usually a very muddy wet trail but in late July was only slightly moist.

These sheep were grazing in the old orchard behind the farmhouse. They are fairly tame because the older ones are used to people picking fruit for them in the late summer.

The old farm house overlooks Home Bay

The next day we sailed north up the Sabine channel between Texada and Lasqueti islands with a nice SE breeze for much of the day. However the forecast NW winds came in early and strong and we had a splashy motor to windward against rapidly building seas and sought shelter in the lee of Savary island. I had been there once before and found it very rolly, even though it is reasonably sheltered from the wind, because a NW swell bends around the island. This time we were luckier and got a decent night's sleep while the wind continued to blow out in the strait.

We departed early with a light NW wind and beat our way north, tacking in toward Desolation Sound and back out toward Mittlenatch island. We had thought of making for Heriot Bay on Quadra island but with wind and tide against us we decide to lay a course for Cortes Bay on the island of the same name. This bay has out-stations for two large yacht clubs - Seattle and Vancouver. Even with most of the larger yacht club boats docked, the anchorage was still quite full, with half a dozen large power yachts and another dozen or so smaller craft. Despite this, we were able find a good spot to anchor with plenty of swinging room. There are excellent hiking trails nearby and after a brief trip ashore we decided we would stay a couple of days here.

Anhorage at Cortes Bay

On our first trip ashore, we met Shelagh Baillie, who welcomed us as we walked up from the dock. She took us on a tour of her lovely house that is hidden away on several acres of old farmland overlooking the bay and we left with some of her yummy homemade cookies. Thanks Shelagh!

Shelagh amongst the splendid daisies that line her driveway
The hiking trails between Cortes Bay and Manson's Landing are very well maintained and much of the land is set aside as park
The island seems a lot greener than the more southerly Gulf Islands and these enormous skunk cabbages were quite happy here.

Higher up the Arbutus and Madrona trees dominate

The trails were better maintained than any near us on Vancouver Island. They are not provincial park trails, but are looked after by Strathcona County
'Inca Ruins'
An excellent trail map made exploring from Cortes Bay easy

From Cortes Bay we sailed north to Squirrel Cove, also on Cortes Island. On the way, we saw many boats transiting between Cortes Island and the popular anchorages of Desolation Sound to the north east.

Fuzzy view towards the mountains behind Desolation Sound

From Squirrel Cove you can access a network of trails that are maintained by locals and cruisers. The Norway Loop makes a circuit between Squirrel Cove and another popular anchorage - fjord like Von Donop inlet. We spent another two days in Squirrel Cove to explore these trails. On our second day, we climbed up to Cliff Peak. The trail was pretty rough once we left Norway loop and we met a couple coming back who said it was too difficult for them because of fallen trees. Well they were right that the trees made it tough going, but after three hours it got considerably worse. There is about an hour of bushwhacking required to reach the peak once you leave an old overgrown logging road. It is a trail in name only in many places although flagging allowed us to find a way through the salal and other undergrowth.

Rani is pointing to Cliff Peak across the lagoon off Von Donop inlet

Rani makes her way through the salal bushes en route to Cliff Peak

More fallen trees!

There is a road under there somewhere

This viewpoint is at the end of the logging road part of the trail an hour from the peak. View is toward West Redonda island, which we would visit in a couple of days
We enjoyed a BC cider at the top

Rani captured this colourful Artist's Conc fungus

Back at one of the trail heads
We had some light rain on our return to the Von Donop lagoon

View from our boat in Squirrel Cove

Looking the other way from our boat in Squirrel Cove

From Squirrel Cove we motored up to Tekearne Arm on West Redonda island. We had heard of a lovely waterfall and swimming lake here, although the anchorage was reputed to be a temporary one only. We were able to anchor for the night in deep water (75 feet) with a stern tie to the rocks after one failed attempt. Not having a windlass to help pull up the chain, we generaly avoid this sort of anchoring because it requires me to pull up about 50 pounds of chain and a 35 pound anchor when everything is straight up and down. 

The falls that come out of Cassel Lake are lovely and as a bonus we replenished our washing water here. I snorkelled around the falls enjoying a wall of anemones and sea urchins. The swimming lake is spectacular, set in a tree lined bowl with granite bluffs dropping quickly into clear water. It is very popular with boaters and because we were anchored just off the dinghy dock, we saw a steady stream of dinghies passing back and forth until nightfall and beginning again the next day around 10 am.

Breakfast preparations - while underway - the tissue in my ears is due to the diesel engine noise
Motoring up towards Tekearne Arm
Our boat is anchored in very close to the rocks even though we dropped anchor in 75 feet. The shores are very steep to here.                        





Cassel Lake falls
Another view of the falls
Continued in Part 2...